TremoJem said:
Wow, filter caps.
Never heard that one before.
Really?!!
They are one of the main maintenance items on any older amp. Very common knowledge that they need replacing every 20-40 years - I'm surprised you haven't heard of this.
Elaborate if you will. I like hearing anything I can about components used in amps.
Filter caps are electrolytic capacitors, they store charge in the power supply. The technology is somewhere between a normal cap and a rechargeable battery - the charge is stored chemically. As they get old, the electrolyte becomes degraded and doesn't hold charge as well, and its internal resistance rises - exactly like what happens to a lead-acid car battery. This is sometimes called "drying out". They perform less well and can sometimes fail, either open-circuit causing either a loud hum or odd oscillation problems (and no damage) or short and blow fuses or in serious cases, take out other parts up to the power transformer (this is very rare, but possible if the wrong fuse has been fitted).
Like a lot of things, they usually don't fail suddenly but degrade slowly so you don't really notice. Opinions vary on when they should be changed routinely from 10 years (which I think is ridiculous) up to "leave them alone if they haven't failed" (which I think can be risky). Some people actually like the tone old caps give. I tend to think about 40 years is a good upper limit, unless you've noticed that the amp isn't sounding as good, or if other major service work is needed in which case I would bring it forward to about 20 years. Modern caps generally last better than vintage ones too.
There are a few other electrolytic caps in an amp, typically in the bias supply (these should be changed as well, since if they fail they will take out the power tubes) and cathode bypass caps for various tube stages - I don't normally change these unless they've drifted well away from the correct value. In a modern channel-switching amp like a Mesa there will be some in the low-voltage supply as well, I would leave these unless they've failed since they don't affect the tone, or reliability to any major extent.
Don't change any of the non-electrolytic caps unless they've failed - there's no need and the ones in the signal path will affect the tone.