Well I found this on the net and it seems like it isn't a proper substitution:
What is important in rectifier substitution is peak inverse voltage and
anode current capabilitities. The 5Y3 is a medium-power tube with a rating
of 1400 PIV and average anode current of 150 mA. The 5U4 is a "meatier" tube
that shares the same pinout and filament voltages. It has a PIV of 1550 and
average anode current of 350 mA. The only drawbacks of the 5U4 are 1)
slightly incresed voltage drop. The 5U4 will drop 5 to 10 volts more across
itself than the 5Y3. 2) It's physically larger. It may not fit well enough
in some applications to have enough cooling air around it. Despite these two
drawbacks, the 5U4 is an excellent replacement for the 5Y3. But as you can
see from the sspecs, the other way round is a no-no. The 5V4 is very much
akin to the 5Y3 in specs (25 mA more anode current), but it is a
heater/cathode type tube instead of a filament type like the 5Y3 and 5U4. it
will work fine, they're just harder to find. The 5Y3 and 5U4 were the most
popular rectifiers made, period.
Take from here:
http://www.zeni.net/pipermail/hammond/2002-February/019188.html